Acceso al diagnóstico rápido de VIH/sífilis en contextos de encierro: relato de experiencia en una unidad penal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en el año 2021 / Access to rapid diagnosis of HIV/syphilis in confinement contexts: an experience report in a penal unit in the province of Buenos Aires in the year 2021

En Argentina se estima que 140 mil personas viven con VIH y de ellas el 17% no conocen su diagnóstico (Ministerio de Salud, 2021). La Dirección de Sida y Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (DSyETS) del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación realizó un estudio que mostró una prevalencia global de VIH de 2,68% en unidades del servicio penitenciario federal (DSyETS; 2017). Por ello nuestro objetivo fue favorecer el acceso al testeo y a la prevención de estas enfermedades en personas privadas de su libertad en una unidad penal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en el marco de la pandemia. Relato de experiencia: en diciembre del 2021 se ofreció el testeo voluntario, gratuito y confidencial para VIH y sífilis y accedieron 38 personas. Participaron de la actividad docentes, estudiantes del Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional del Sur y referentes del programa de VIH-ITS y HV de la Región Sanitaria I del ministerio de salud de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia mostró la importancia de construcción de redes para la articulación de prácticas que favorezcan el acceso a un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno para VIH y sífilis a las personas viviendo en contexto de encierro (AU)

In Argentina, it is estimated that 140 thousand people live with HIV and 17% of them do not know their diagnosis (Ministry of Health, 2021). The Directorate of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (DSyETS) of the Ministry of Health of the Nation carried out a study that showed a global prevalence of HIV of 2.68% in units of the federal prison service (DSyETS; 2017). For this reason, our objective was to promote access to testing and the prevention of these diseases in people deprived of their liberty in a penal unit in the province of Buenos Aires in the context of the pandemic. Experience report: in December 2021, voluntary, free and confidential testing for HIV and syphilis was offered and 38 people agreed. Teachers, students from the Department of Health Sciences of the National University of the South and referents of the HIV-STI and HV program of the Sanitary Region I of the Ministry of Health of the province of Buenos Aires participated in the activity. Conclusions: This experience showed the importance of building networks for the articulation of practices that favor access to early diagnosis and timely treatment for HIV and syphilis for people living in a confinement context (AU)

"Um agente prisional de menor": identidade e percepções do agente socioeducativo sobre a instituição, os adolescentes e a sua ocupação / "A juvenile prison officer": identity and perceptions of the socio-educational agent about the institution, adolescents and their occupation

Resumo Agentes socioeducativos são profissionais atuantes em instituições que abrigam adolescentes cumprindo medida socioeducativa de internação. Pressupondo que os significados e as práticas do agente são influenciados pela e influenciam a constituição da vida social dos adolescentes e da instituição, este texto analisa as percepções desses profissionais quanto à sua identidade articulada às percepções sobre a instituição de internação e os adolescentes. Valemo-nos da fenomenologia para compreender a fluidez da ação, combinada com a sociologia da vida cotidiana, que toma os planos macro e microssociológico na análise social. Os dados advieram de sete meses de trabalho de campo em uma unidade de internação masculina em Mato Grosso, tendo 11 agentes entrevistados com roteiro semiestruturado, adotando-se a análise temática. Os resultados versam sobre os atrativos da profissão (estabilidade, salário, amizade, aprendizagens); sobre a instituição e a profissão (contradições entre discurso e prática, equiparando-se à prisão) e sobre os adolescentes (permanência da visão histórica do "menor" pobre, abandonado e em perigo ou infrator e perigoso). A constituição da identidade é relacional, indissociada do contexto, e os agentes vivenciam as repercussões das contradições e precariedades. Na porosidade e permeabilidade das interações forjam-se e são forjados pessoas, profissionais, grupos e instituições - indissociados: gentes e coisas.

Abstract Socio-educational agents are professionals who work in institutions that house adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures of detention. Assuming that the meanings and practices of the agent are influenced by and influence the social life constitution of the adolescents and institution, this text analyzes the perceptions of these professionals regarding their identity articulated to the perceptions about the detention institution and the adolescents. We have used phenomenology to understand the fluidity of action, combined with the sociology of everyday life, that considers macro and micro-sociological planes in the social analysis. The data came from a seven-month field work in a male detention unit in Mato Grosso, Brazil, and from 11 agents interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire, adopting thematic analysis. The results are on the attractiveness of the profession (stability, salary, friendship, learning); on the institution and the profession (contradictions between discourse and practice, equating it to prison) and on adolescents (continuance of the historical view of a poor, abandoned, endangered or harmful and dangerous minor). The constitution of identity is relational, separated from the context, and agents experience the repercussions of contradictions and precariousness. In the porosity and permeability of interactions, individuals, professionals, groups and institutions - indissociated -, people and things forge and are forged.

Vulnerabilidade de pessoas privadas de Liberdade ao virus da imunodeficiência humana / Vulnerabilidad de las personas privadas de libertad ante el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Vulnerability of incarcerated people to the human immunodeficiency virus

RESUMO Introdução: A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana é um problema de saúde pública mundial. No contexto de vulnerabilidade, o sistema prisional favorece a transmissão de doenças infectocontagiosas. Objetivo: Analisar a vulnerabilidade para a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, na população privada de liberdade em Teresina-Piauí. Métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido por meio de inquérito epidemiológico envolvendo 950 detentos. Resultados: A faixa etária predominante foi até 30 anos de idade (65,37 porcento). A expressiva maioria não frequentou a escola (91,68 porcento), 79,16 porcento referiram beber, 61,37 porcento declararam uso de alguma droga ilícita. Evidenciou-se que 66,21 porcento dos detentos têm tatuagem e 15,58 porcento tem piercing. Quanto às práticas sexuais, 90,84 porcento tem relações sexuais com o sexo oposto, apenas 27,26 porcento usam regularmente preservativo. A maioria dos detentos (75,26 porcento) possui algum conhecimento sobre o vírus. Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa no cruzamento do conhecimento com anos de estudo e renda familiar (p<0,01), utilização de algum tipo de droga (p=0,01), compartilhamento de material perfuro cortante (p<0,01), uso de piercing (p=0,01), parceria sexual (p<0,01) e uso de camisinha (p<0,01). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo reiteraram que as pessoas privadas de liberdade compõem um grupo vulnerável à infecção pelo vírus e evidenciam a necessidade de ações públicas, incluindo estratégias, que contemplem a demanda de saúde dos internos do sistema prisional do Estado(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana es un problema de salud pública mundial. En el contexto de la vulnerabilidad, el sistema penitenciario favorece la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: Analizar la vulnerabilidad a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, sobre las personas privadas de libertad. Métodos: Estudio transversal, desarrollado a través de la encuesta epidemiológica con 950 reclusos en Teresina, Piauí. Resultados: El grupo de edad predominante fue de 30 años (65,37 por ciento). La mayoría no asistió a la escuela (91,68 por ciento), 79,16 por ciento reportó el uso de bebidas alcohólicas, 61,37 por ciento reportó el uso de cualquier droga ilícita. Se demostró que el 66,21 por ciento de los internos tiene tatuaje y el 15,58 por ciento piercing. En cuanto a las prácticas sexuales, 90,84 por ciento tenía relaciones con el sexo opuesto, solo el 27,26 por ciento utiliza regularmente condones. La mayoría de los internos (75,26 por ciento) tiene algún conocimiento sobre el virus. Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa al cruzar las variables años de estudio, los ingresos familiares (p <0,01), uso de alguna droga (p = 0,01), corte de perforación intercambio de equipo (p <0,01), uso de perforación (p = 0,01), pareja sexual (p <0,01) y el uso del condón (p <0,01). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio reiteraron que las personas privadas de libertad constituyen un grupo vulnerable a la infección por el virus y ponen de relieve la necesidad de acciones públicas, incluidas las estrategias que responden a las demandas de salud del sistema penitenciario de ese Estado(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus infection is a world public health problem. In terms of vulnerability, the penitentiary system favors the transmission of infectious diseases. Objective: To analyze the vulnerability of prisoners to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 950 inmates in Teresina, Piaui based on an epidemiological survey. Results: The prevailing age group was 30 years (65.37 percent). Most of them (91.68 percent) had never attended school, 79.16 percent reported the use of alcohol beverages and 61.37 percent reported the use of any kind of illicit drug. It was proved that 66.21 percent of inmates had tattoos and 15.58 had piercing. As to sexual practice, 90.84 percent had intercourse with the opposite sex but just 27.26 percent regularly used condoms. Most of the prisoners had certain knowledge about the virus. There was statistically significant association when crossing the variables such as years of study, family incomes (p< 0.01), use of some drug (p= 0,01), piercing cut and exchange of devices (p< 0,01), use of piercing (p= 0.01), sexual partner (p< 0.01) and use of condom (p< 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study reiterated that the prisoners represent a vulnerable group to the virus infection and underlined the need for public actions including the strategies responding to the health demands of the penitentiary system of that state(AU)

Lazer e juventude encarcerada: tensões entre trabalho, disciplina e práticas culturais em uma unidade prisional da APAC / Leisure and youth incarcerated: tensions between work, discipline and cultural practices in a prison unit APAC

Este estudo representa investigação interdisciplinar sobre os significados e sentidos atribuídos às experiências de lazer de presos em um presídio configurado conforme o modelo da Associação de Proteção aos Condenados - APAC, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - MG, que se diferencia do sistema comum por ter um método próprio de trabalho, denominado ?Método Apaqueano?. Nele, os apenados cumprem, no dia-a-dia, rotina preestabelecida pela gestão da unidade prisional de forma compartilhada, aproximando-se de um modelo de autogestão. Ainda assim, essa instituição exerce certo controle sobre as ações diárias dos condenados que, de certa forma, compromete suas atividades de lazer. Frente a isso, por meio de estudo etnográfico, buscamos compreender os sentidos e significados atribuídos ao lazer pelos jovens aprisionados na APAC, suas formas de apropriação dos espaços dessa instituição nas suas práticas de lazer e os processos de sociabilidade aí instaurados. Nesse sentido, realizamos revisão bibliográfica em 3 (três) áreas distintas: 1) o campo de estudos do lazer; 2) as políticas públicas que têm como foco o sistema prisional; e 3) relação entre juventude aprisionada e lazer. Dialogamos com produções acadêmicas na perspectiva da teoria histórico-cultural, visando compreender como esses sujeitos geravam sentidos a partir das práticas de lazer vivenciadas na prisão. Para isso, recorremos à metodologia qualitativa, com apoio nas técnicas de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as práticas de lazer ocorreram em tempos e espaços reduzidos e que seus potenciais educativos e formativos não são explorados.

This study presents interdisciplinary research on the significance and meanings attributed to prisoners of leisure experiences in a prison set up as the model Protection Association to Convicts - APAC, the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte - MG, which differs from the common system have a method of work, called "Apaqueano method". In it, the convicts meet in day-to-day, pre-established routine for managing the prison unit in a shared manner, approaching a self-management model. Still, that institution some control over the daily actions of the convicts who, somehow compromises their leisure activities. Faced with this, through ethnographic study, we sought to understand the meanings attributed to the leisure by young people trapped in APAC, their forms of appropriation of spaces that institution in their leisure activities and sociability processes instituted there. In this sense, the literature is reviewed in three (3) distinct areas: 1) the leisure of study; 2) public policies that focus on the prison system; and 3) relationship between imprisoned youth and leisure. We dialogued with academic productions in view of the historical-cultural theory, to understand how these subjects generated directions from leisure activities experienced in prison. For this, we used the qualitative methodology, supported on participant observation techniques and semi-structured interview. The results showed that leisure practices occurred in reduced time and space and that their education and training potentials are not exploited.

Ressocialização: o desafio da educação no sistema prisional feminino / Resocialization: the challenge to educate women in the detention system

Este artigo é fruto da pesquisa de doutorado em andamento e tem como objetivo discutir, por meio da perspectiva da representação social e dos direitos humanos, o tema da exclusão e ressocialização de mulheres reeducandas, buscando apreender qual o papel do processo educativo institucional na ressocialização dessas mulheres.

This paper stems from an on-going scientific research for a doctor's degree. From the perspective of social representation and human rights, it discusses the exclusion and resocialization of women that are being reeducated. It tries to determine the role of the institutional education process in the re-socialization of these women.

Prisoners' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its prevention in Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran

Knowledge of prisoners regarding HIV/AIDS in Kerman was evaluated. Analysis indicated that the sample [n = 350] of prisoners had relatively high knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission. However, they had a lower level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention. The overall knowledge of men about AIDS was significantly lower than women. Persons aged 46 years and older and illiterate inmates had the least knowledge about modes of transmission. In addition, the knowledge of illiterate prisoners about HIV/AIDS prevention was significantly lower than others. Evaluation of attitudes and practices of prisoners and implementation of educational programmes regarding HIV/AIDS are suggested

HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and beliefs based prediction models for practices in prison inmates, Sindh, Pakistan.

This study was conducted on prison inmates in Sindh to determine whether HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs can predict their practices which risk HIV infection. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered in this cross-sectional study to collect the data on HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices and demographic variables in a systematic sample of 3,395 prison inmates during July 1994. The data on responses of inmates to HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were analyzed and a clear interpretable factor structure emerged for each set of questions labeled as knowledge, attitude and beliefs. Similarly based on responses of inmates to practice questions, three factors emerged and were labeled as heterosexuality, homosexuality and drugs. The standardized factor scores of inmates for each of these six factors were computed and used in further analyses. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out separately using heterosexuality, homosexuality and drugs factors score as dependent variables to identify if any of the independent variables (demographic variables, knowledge beliefs and attitude) predict these practice factors. The model for heterosexuality explained 23% of the variance and included HIV/AIDS related knowledge, beliefs, age, ethnicity and marital status and duration of imprisonment (F = 84.33, p < 0.001; R2= 23.0). The predictors in the model for homosexuality together explained 10% of the variance and included significant contribution by belief, martial status, ethnicity, education, age and duration of imprisonment (F = 24.76, p < 0.001; R2= 0.10). The model for drugs had significant contributions from HIV/AIDS related beliefs, marital status and ethnicity (F = 20.10, p < 0.001; R2= 0.03). Implications of prevention program based on these results are considered.

Conhecimento dos presidiáriossobre as DST/HIV e AIDS e medidas de prevençäo, num sistema previdenciário / The prisoners'knoledge on DST/HIV and AIDS and prevention measus, in a pentitentiary System

O estudo piloto trve como objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos presos sobre as DST/HIV e AIDS e as medidas de prevençäo, em um Sistema Previdenciário de RioBranco - ACRE - Brasil. Foram estudados 18 detentos, sendo 9 masculinos e 9 femininos. Os rsultados mostrm uma populaçäo jovens, solteiros e com menos de um ano de prisäo. As doenças mais citadas foram a gonorréia, HIV, sífilis e hepatite, onde ressalta o baixo uso de preservativos nas suas práticas sexuais. Os presos gostaram desta experiência, se sentiram motivados e estimulados e se prontificaram a participar de campanhas internas de prevençäo junto a um programa de extensäo universitária

Sexuality, STD-AIDS and drugs and women in prison

Theoretical and practical references on subjects related to sexuality, STD, Aids and drugs, mainly with respect to peoplein prison,have revealed this public is more vulnerable to contamination by HIV, through sex or by means of drug addiction or both. This situationis reinforced ifthey have already been or are involved with the violence associated to delinquency, with crime, prostituion and promiscuity. Touched by this situation we carried out a research with imprisoned women to raise the problems they face with regards sexuality, STD, Aids and drugs, in order to develop an educational program on these themes, offering more information to prepare these women consider life and family meaningful, placing special emphasis on maternity, as all referred to having been blessed with motherhood. They reveal certain knowledge of sexuality, STD, Aids and drugs. They attribute sexually transmitted diseases/Aids to the lack of information people suffer